Hepatitis C virus (HCV) now kills more Americans than any other infectious disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) researchers have released preliminary surveillance data finding that hep C–related deaths reached an all-time high of 19,659 in 2014. Additionally, CDC investigators published a paper in Clinical Infectious Diseases finding that in 2013 hep C–related mortality exceeded the combined total of deaths related to 60 other major infectious diseases reportable to the agency, including HIV, pneumococcal disease and tuberculosis (TB).

Both studies relied on death certificates for their data. Because hep C is often underreported on death certificates, the mortality figures are likely underestimates. Baby boomers—those born between 1945 and 1965—are at greatest risk of hep C. Recently published research found that this disproportionate burden is likely a consequence of unsafe medical procedures conducted in the post–World War II period. The preliminary surveillance data suggested a rising rate of hep C incidence among injection drug users (IDUs). Diagnoses of recent infections of the virus more than doubled between 2010 and 2014, to 2,194 cases. These cases were predominantly among young white IDUs who live in rural or suburban areas in the Midwest and Eastern United States.